1. Agence France Presse, July 12, 1991.
2. Indictment, People v. Abedi, et. al, Supreme Court of the State of New York County of New York, July 29, 1992.
3. S. Hrg. 102-350 Pt. 2 pp. 507-508.
4. Staff interview, Sakhia, October 7, 1991.
5. S. Hrg. 102-350 Pt. 2 p. 515.
6. Staff interview, Chinoy, March 9, 1992.
7. See Bankrupt: The BCCI Fraud, Kochan and Whittingon, Gollancz, London 1991, pp. 61-62.
8. Sakhia, S. Hrg. 102-350 Pt. 2 p. 508.
9. See reference to November 5, 1986 letter in minutes of Evidence Taken Before House of Commons Treasury and Civil Service Committee, Banking Supervision and BCCI, February 5, 1992, Sec. 252.
10. BCCI — Consolidated Report, EWP, Loans Over $7.5 million, March 31, 1991.
11. s. Hrg. 102-350 Pt. 1 p. 288.
12. Staff interview, Helmy, January 12, 1992.
13. Staff interview, Akbar Bilgrami, July 20-28, 1992.
14. Staff interview, Chinoy, March 9, 1992.
15. S. Hrg. 102-350 t. 2 p. 528.
16. See documents published in S. Hrg. 102-350 Pt. 6.
17. BCCI-FinAmerica-Gotelli documents, provided to Senate by BCCI liquidators, July, 1992.
18. Id.
19. People v. Abedi, Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York, July 29, 1992, p. 23.
20. Letter, to Dr. Juan Sommer, February 4, 1988.
21. See Los Angeles Times, May 8, 1991, "Encino Bank Ordered Sold."
22. UPI, July 30,1 991, "Argentine Central Bank revokes BCCI license."
23. Reuters, August 1, 1991, "Argentina Had No Funds in BCCI; Minister Angry at Media," Washington Post, August 24, 1991, "BCCI Trail in Argentina Remains Untraced."
24. Associated Press, August 1, 1991, "BCCI in Argentina — Political Headaches, But Little Economic Impact."
25. Associated Press, July 31, 1991, "Court Probes Alleged Money Laundering by Foreign Banks."
26. S. Hrg. 102-350 Pt. 1 p. 127.
27. S. Hrg. 102-350 Pt. 1 p. 159.
28. S. Hrg. 102-350 Pt. 1 p. 243.
29. See e.g. Los Angeles Times, November 2, 1991, id.; Newsday, August 13, 1991, "Ex-Bangladesh Ruler Linked to BCCI;" Daily Telegraph, August 13, 1991, "Bank Linked to Missing Bangladesh Disaster Aid."
30. S. Hrg. 102-350 Pt. 2 p. 515.
31. Mark Fineman, Los Angeles Times, "BCCI Left its Mark on Bangladesh, November 2, 1991.
32. Id.
33. Los Angeles Times, id.
34. Id.
35. See Daily Telegraph, "BCCI Scandal: Bank Linked To Missing Bangladesh Disaster Aid," August 13, 1991.
36. See Agence France Presse, "Bangladesh Appeals to Canada to Unfreeze Some BCCI Accounts," July 26, 1991.
37. Mark Fineman, Los Angeles Times, "BCCI Left its Mark on Bangladesh, November 2, 1991.
38. Memorandum from Brian Jensen to Agha Hasan Abedi, January 30, 1986, Senate document 001546.
39. Banking Venture in Brasil – Aide Memoire, Jensen to Saddiki at BCCI-London, February 24, 1986, Senate document 001545.
40. Staff interview, Abol Helmy, January 12, 1992 and BCCI documents pertaining to Brazil, produced by BCCI liquidators and from BCCI document repository in Miami.
41. Id.
42. Memorandum/telex, Sakhia to Siddiki, May 6, 1986, Senate document.
43. BCCI internal memorandum, Helmy to Ameer Saddiki, September 2, 1986, Senate document 000653.
44. Staff interview, Abol Helmy, January 12, 1992.
45. Telex, Shafi to da Costa, October 28, 1986, BCCI Senate Document 000645.
46. BCCI Luxembourg Letter of Appointment, Ameer H. Siddiki to Ambassador Correa da Costa, October 28, 1986, Senate document.
47. Staff interview, Abdur Sakhia, October, 1991; see also BCCI telex concerning Da Costa, October 28, 1986, id..
48. Staff interview, Nazir Chinoy, March 9, 1992; see indictment, People v. Abedi, New York Supreme Court, July 29, 1992, p. 24.
49. Staff interviews, Chinoy, id. See also People v. Abedi, New York County, indictment, July 29, 1991, id. p. 23.
50. Staff interview, Chinoy, March 9, 1992.
51. See testimony of Alan Kreczko, Deputy Legal Advisor, Department of State, S. Hrg. 102-350 Pt. 3 pp. 575-578.
52. See Price Waterhouse Section 41 Report to the Bank of England, June 1991.
53. Commentary, Massihur Rahman, to Price Waterhouse Section 41 Report to the Bank of England, June 1991.
54. Sakhia testimony, S. Hrg. 102-350 Pt. 2 p. 526.
55. Staff interview, Sakhia, October 7, 1991.
56. Staff interviews, Bilgrami, July 20-28, 1992.
57. Staff interview, Bilgrami, July 20-28, 1992.
58. Staff interview, Chinoy, March 9, 1992.
59. Staff interview, Chinoy, March 9, 1992.
60. Staff interview, Chinoy, March 9, 1992.
61. Id.
62. Staff interview, Sakhia, October 7, 1991.
63. Staff interview, Sakhia, October 7, 1991.
64. Sakhia, S. Hrg. 102-350 Pt. 2 . 508.
65. Id.
66. Price Waterhouse audit report, December 31, 1990.
67. S. Hrg. 102-350 Pt. 1 p. 63.
68. S. Hrg. 102-350 Pt. 2 p. 515.
69. Staff interview, Nazir Chinoy, March 9, 1991, see also Chinoy testimony S. Hrg. 102-350 Pt. 4 p. 829.
70. Staff interview, March 9, 1991.
71. Staff interview, March 9, 1992.
72. Staff interview, Chinoy, March 9, 1992.
73. Id.
74. Id.
75. Staff interview, March 9, 1992.
76. Staff interview, Chinoy, March 9, 1992.
77. Staff interview, Chinoy, March 9, 1992.
78. Staff interview, Chinoy, March 9, 1992.
79. Staff interview, Chinoy, March 9, 1992.
80. Staff interview, Chinoy, id.
81. Staff interview, Chinoy, id.
82. People v. Abedi, July 29, 1992, New York County Supreme Court, p. 20-21.
83. Staff interview, Chinoy, id.
84. Chinoy staff interview, id.
85. Testimony of Rahman, S. Hrg. 102-350 Pt. 1, p. 540.
86. White Paper on the General Elections, Government of Pakistan, July 1978, S. Hrg. 102-350, Pt. 3, pp. 314-317.
87. Former BCCI Pakistan branch chief Nazir Chinoy provided detailed information about the Zia-Abedi relationship in a series of interviews with Senate staff from March 9-16, 1992; see also check to General Zia from BCCI-UAE, May 25, 1985, S. Hrg. 102-350, Pt. 2 p. 511.
88. S. Hrg. 102-350 Pt. 2 p. 510.
89. Staff interview, Chinoy, March 9, 1992.
90. Staff interview, Chinoy, March 9, 1992.
91. Chinoy testimony S. Hrg. 102-350 Pt. 4 pp. 368-369.
92. See People v. Abedi, New York Supreme Court, County of New York, July 29, 1992.
93. Staff interview, Sakhia, October 7, 1991.
94. S. Hrg. 102-350 Pt. 3 p. 599.
95. S. Hrg. 102-350 Pt. 4 pp. 392-393.
96. Los Angeles Times, August 9, 1991.
97. Staff interview, Sultan Khan, March, 1991.
98. Staff interview, Colombian marijuana trafficker and federal cooperating witness, September, 1989.
99. Id; the trafficker provided copies of the original letters to the Subcommittee in 1989, signed by the Attorney General of Panama.
100. Milian-Rodriguez letter to Senator Kerry, August, 1991.
101. Letters, Lino Linares, Miami branch, BCCI to Holland and Knight and to Raymond Banoun, July and August, 1990, and January 1991. Details on this interaction are set forth in the chapter on BCCI's lawyers.
102. Staff interviews, Akbar Bilgrami and Amjad Awan, July, 1992.
103. Staff interview, Chinoy, March 9, 1992.
104. Awan testimony, S. Hrg. 102-350 Pt. 6; see also Blum memorandum of Awan interview, Pt 1 pp. 17-22.
105. Id.
106. Id., see also Affidavit of Amjad Awan, Government Exhibit O, U.S. v. Noriega, Southern District of Florida.
107. Id.
108. Staff interviews, BCCI attorney Raymond Banoun, May-July 1990; see also Banoun notes produced to Subcommittee September 3, 1992.
109. Id.
110. An understanding of the nature and composition of the BCRP is important to the discussion which follows. Del Castillo testified that the Peruvian constitution designates the BCRP as "an autonomous body . . . not depend[ent] upon the executive branch." S. Hrg. 102-350 Pt. 1 p. 233. However, Cateriano testified that its directors are partisan politicians "named by the President and . . . by the Senate." at 199. Thus, the BCRP should not be considered an autonomous body free from political pressure or private influence.
111. S. Hrg. 102-350 Pt 1 p. 167.
112. S. Hrg. 102-350 Pt. 1 p. 166.
113. at 232.
114. S. Hrg. 102-350 Pt. 1 p. 232.
115. See People v. BCCI, New York Supreme Court, July 29, 1991.
116. Letter from A.M. Bilgrami and Ishtiaq Nasim to the BCRP, dated 28 April 1986 ("[T]his is to advise you that in consideration of your placing U.S. $200 [million] [sic] deposits with our Panama Office, we are placing at your disposal a line of [sic] credit for $ U.S. 60 [million]. It is our mutual understanding that you will continue to maintain equivalent sufficient balances in your Placement Account.").
117. Staff interview, Akbar Bilgrami, July 1992.
118. At an interest rate of 5% per year, for example, BCCI would save $7,200,000 per year in fees.
119. "Agreement on operational procedure between BCR and BCCI regarding utilization of credit line for US $60 millions by Peruvian local banks (PLBs)," dated May 30, 1986.
120. S. Hrg. 102-350 Pt. 1 p. 167.
121. Staff interviews, Akbar Bilgrami, July 20-28, 1992; see also indictments People vs. BCCI, July 29, 1991 and People vs. Abedi, July 29, 1992, brought by New York District Attorney.
122. People v. Abedi, et. al, New York County Supreme Court, July 29, 1992.
123. Staff interviews, Bilgrami, July 20-28, 1992.
124. Staff interview, Abdur Sakhia, October 9, 1991.
125. Staff interviews, Akbar Bilgrami, July 20-28, 1992; documents reprinted in S. Hrg. 102-350 pp. 202, 206-207.
126. S. Hrg. 102-350 Pt. 1 p. 165.
127. S. Hrg. 102-350 Pt. 1 p. 166.
128. 196-197. Compare the 8 July 1987 memorandum from Carlos Saito to Ana Ma. de Reategui (both of the BCRP) entitled "Evolution of BCRP deposits abroad" ("At the end of June 1986 work was already underway with seven banks" . . . . "The last bank with which correspondent relations were established was . . . BCCI.").
129. See the Evolution of BCRP deposits abroad, hearing book at 176.
130. S. Hrg. 102-350 PT. 1 p. 170.
131. S. Hrg. 102-350 Pt. 1 p. 206.
132. Id.
133. S. Hrg. 102-350 Pt. 1 p. 167.
134. See the Evolution of BCRP deposits abroad, at 175 ("[I]t was decided to open special accounts in the market in Panama, which have maximum security.").
135. S. Hrg. 102-350 Pt. 1 p. 173, "Central Reserve Bank of Peru, Memorandum to Juan Villanueva from Gonzalo Aramburu, August 7, 1987.
136. Id.
137. S. Hrg. 102-350 Pt. 1 p. 199.
138. Id.
139. S. Hrg. 102-350 Pt. 1 p. 233.
140. Staff interviews, Akbar Bilgrami, July 20-28, 1992.
141. Reuters, September 22, 1992, "Attorney General To Seek Extradition of Ex-President Garcia."
142. People v. Abedi, Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York, July 29, 1992.
143. Staff interview, Bilgrami, July 20-28, 1992; Bilgrami testimony, S. Hrg. 102-350 Pt. 6.
144. People v. Abedi, Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York, July 29, 1992, p. 18.
145. Staff interview, Chinoy, March 9, 1992.
146. Staff interview, Chinoy, March 9, 1992.
147. Staff interview, Bilgrami, July 20-28, 1992.
148. S. Hrg. 102-350 Pt. 2 p. 515.
149. Staff interview, Chinoy, March 9, 1992.
150. Chinoy, id.
151. Id.
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