Air Zimbabwe signed contract to fly to Dubai for Congolese airline

Air Zimbabwe signed a contract with the Congolese airline, Lignes Ariennes Congolaises, to fly from Kinshasa to both Dubai and Brussels in April 2008.

Air Zimbabwe was to provide the aircraft while LAC would provide rights to DRC airspace.

Air Zimbabwe was also to operate some DRC domestic flights with LAC.

LAC signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Arcane Group for DRC airport management.

Full cable:

Viewing cable 08KINSHASA329, DRC FEBRUARY/MARCH ECONOMIC REVIEW

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TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 7836

INFO RUEHXR/RWANDA COLLECTIVE

RUCNSAD/SOUTHERN AF DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY COLLECTIVE

RUCPDOC/DEPT OF COMMERCE WASHDC

RUEATRS/DEPT OF TREASURY WASHDC

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UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 08 KINSHASA 000329

SIPDIS

SIPDIS

E.O. 12958: N/A

TAGS: ECON EFIN EMIN ELAB EAIR PGOV CG

SUBJECT: DRC FEBRUARY/MARCH ECONOMIC REVIEW

¶1. (U) Summary

Aviation

——–

– MONUC Owes Government of Uganda USD 10 Million in Aviation Fees

– Royal Air Maroc Service to Casablanca and Europe

– Air Zimbabwe Offers Flights from Kinshasa to Dubai and Brussels

Banking Sector

————–

– Low Rate of Bank Account Ownership in DRC

– Official Central Bank Interest Rate is 24 Percent

– Positive Foreign Exchange Balance

– Money Supply Increases by 15 Percent

– Congolese Central Bank Announces New Treasury Bill Issue and

Process

Bilateral Cooperation

———————

– Belgium to Help Modernize DRC Customs Agency

– New Partnership Enhances Expertise in Accounting Practices

Commercial

———-

– Cosmetic Producers Resist Ban on Products

Cooperation

———–

– GDRC Standardizing Bidding Procedures

Corruption

———-

– DRC and South Africa Join to Fight Corruption

Energy

——

– World Energy Council Announces Grand Inga Project

– WB Director: SNEL Needs USD 20B to Rehab Inga Dam

– SNEL Seeks Proposals for Generator Rehab

Forestry

——–

– World Bank Reviews its Forestry Activities in DRC

– GDRC Defends Timber Export Legality

Governance

———–

– Commission: USD 2B Missing from Treasury

Health

——

– Malnutrition in Katanga Province Increasing

Infrastructure

————–

– World Bank Funds USD 50 Million in Road Projects

Labor

—–

– MONUC Head Promotes Contracts with Local Businesses

– National Labor Council Meets

Microfinance

————

– Association Sets Up Work Plan 2008 to 2012

– DRC National Microfinance Strategy Published

– Proposal for Statistics Law delivered to Plan Ministry

Mining

——

– VM Mines: All Mining Contracts to be Renegotiated

– MIBA Needs USD 50 Million to Improve Production

– China to Exploit Two GECAMINES Concessions

– Mining Contract Review Commission Contacts 61 Companies

– Mining Conference On 2002 Mining Code and EITI Practices

– CAMEC and Prairie Complete Joint Venture and Restart Operations at

Mukondo

– Police Expel Artisanal Miners from Mining Concessions

Multilateral Cooperation

————————

– UNICEF and GDRC Work to Enhance Education

Nuclear

——-

– DOE/DOS Delegation Negotiates with GDRC to Defuel Nuclear

KINSHASA 00000329 002 OF 008

Reactors

Petroleum

———

– Senator: 2008 Budget Does Not Share Oil Revenues

– SACOIL Gains Oil Concession; Tullow Loses One

– French Petroleum Company Invests in Bas-Congo

– Brazilian Investors Launch Petroleum Drilling

Public Enterprises

——————

– New Manager of SONAS Launches Operation Insurance

– Union Protests Against Water Company Reforms

– SNCC Management Contract Awarded to Belgian Firm

– USD 8 Million to Revitalize ONATRA and SNCC

– Office des Routes Celebrates 37 Years, then Complains

Public Finance

————–

– GDRC Struggling to Meet Key IMF Requirements

– GDRC Cites Causes of Poor 4th Quarter Performance

– The GDRC Committed to Retrocede Revenues to Provinces

– Cigarette Smuggling in Bunia

– Deputies Debate GDRC Support to Provinces

– State Revenues Reach 162 Million

– Foreign Exchange Reserves Decrease

Telecom

——-

– GDRC Ministries Get Connected

Transportation

————–

– Public Transportation Shortage in Kinshasa

– STUC Increases Buses in Circulation

– GDRC to Auction Matadi Cargo Containers

End Summary.

Aviation

——–

¶2. (U) MONUC (the United Nations Mission in the DRC) owes USD 10

million to the Ugandan Civil Aviation Authority for landing fees,

air navigation, airport passenger service, and change facilities.

The debt accrued from March 2002 through January 2008. On August 8,

2003, the UN and Ugandan Government signed an agreement allowing

MONUC to use Entebbe as their base for flying in and out of DRC, but

the agreement did not stipulate how the fees would be paid.

¶3. (U) Royal Air Maroc (RAM) airline inaugurated flights from

Kinshasa to Europe and Africa via Casablanca on March 29. The

company will fly on Fridays and Sundays and will operate Boeing

737-800 aircraft with economy and business class sections.

¶4. (U) The Congolese airline, Lignes Ariennes Congolaises (LAC),

signed a contract with Air Zimbabwe for joint operations of flights

from Kinshasa to both Dubai and Brussels. Air Zimbabwe will provide

aircraft while LAC will provide rights to DRC airspace. Air

Zimbabwe will also operate some DRC domestic flights with LAC. LAC

has also signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Arcane Group

for DRC airport management.

Banking Sector

————–

¶5. (U) According to the Deputy General Secretary of COMESA, DRC

still has one of lowest levels of bank account ownership on the

continent. Of the 60 million Congolese only 100,000 have accounts

in the DRC banking system. This situation impedes commercial

development in eastern and southern African regions.

¶6. (U) The official Congolese Central Bank (BCC) interest rate is 24

percent. This rate was decided by BCC in early January 2008.

¶7. (U) According to the Central Bank, the year-to-date total of

purchased foreign currencies reached USD 120 million while sold

foreign currencies was USD 126 million. This means that some USD 6

million worth of Congolese francs (FC 3 billion) were removed from

circulation during the period January 1 through March 10.

¶8. (U) Money supply has increased by nearly 15 percent since the end

of December 2007. (Note: This is not a surprise considering the

sharp depreciation of the Congolese franc, nearly ten percent, since

December. Exchange rate fluctuations tend to reflect changes in

money supply very closely and quickly in the DRC. End note.)

KINSHASA 00000329 003 OF 008

¶9. (U) In an effort to reduce the amount of Congolese francs in

circulation, the Central Bank (BCC) has announced a new process for

issuance and redemption of Treasury Bills. Offers by those wishing

to purchase the new T-bills will be submitted thru merchant banks

and include the buyer’s suggested interest rate and the amount to be

purchased (in FC 1,000,000 units, about USD 1,700 each). The BCC

will then analyze all the offers and sell the T-bills at the lowest

interest until all the bills are sold.

Bilateral Cooperation

———————

¶10. (U) According to an existing accord signed between DRC and

Belgium, both countries are committed to fight against smuggling at

the international level. After a visit in DRC, the General

Inspector of the Belgian Customs Agency declared that Belgium would

help DRC to promulgate its new customs code. The new code should be

published in June.

¶11. (U) A new partnership between the Belgian Royal Institute of

Auditors and both the Congolese Institute of Auditors and the

Congolese Permanent Council of Accountancy aims at enhancing the

level of expertise of DRC auditors and promoting sound accounting

practices for the annual control of public accounts.

Commercial

———-

¶12. (U) The Ministry of Industry has started to enforce a ban on

hydroquinone by regulating the stocks of certain cosmetics.

Cosmetics producers are reluctant to comply with the ban, arguing

that their plants would need adjustments. Cosmetics with

hydroquinone, used primarily to lighten skin, are in high demand in

Kinshasa, and producers may be trying to maintain a profitable

line.

Cooperation

———–

¶13. (U) COMESA, the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa,

has urged the DRC to harmonize its bidding procedures with COMESA

standards. A new DRC bidding procedure is ready to be sent to the

National Assembly according to the Vice Minister of Finance.

Corruption

———-

¶14. (U) The DRC and South Africa signed an agreement to fight

corruption through their civil service ministries. South Africa

will also fund some anti-corruption related activities in DRC.

Energy

——

¶15. (U) The World Energy Council launched a new project called

“Grand Inga” that is intended to provide electricity to sub-Saharan

African countries through the South African Power Pool. The project

would supply the DRC with 52 generators of 750 megawatts (MW) each

for a total of 39,000 MW. The electricity companies involved in the

Grand Inga project met most recently in Gaborone, Botswana on March

16 -17, 2008, where they concluded that electricity is crucial for

economic growth and poverty reduction. The Grand Inga project

includes both dams, Inga I (inaugurated in 1972 with a potential of

380 MW) and Inga II (inaugurated in 1982 with a 1,440 MW potential).

¶16. (U) According to the World Bank, the DRC Treasury receives only

35 percent of electricity revenues generated by SNEL. Marie

Frangoise Marie-Nelly, Director of the World Bank in Kinshasa, said

SNEL needs USD 20 billion to rehabilitate Inga dam, expand

hydroelectric capacity, and improve transmission lines. She also

said SNEL should use the available funds of USD 200 million to

restore turbines and to construct a second power transmission line

from Inga.

¶17. (U) SNEL published a tender for rehabilitation of turbines 7 and

8 at INGA 2. This rehabilitation will fill the current energy

deficit by responding to the needs of the population, the mining

industry in Katanga, and supporting energy pools in Sub-Saharan

Africa. The deadline for submission is May 22. Proposals will be

opened the same day.

Forestry

——–

KINSHASA 00000329 004 OF 008

¶18. (U) Since early 2002, the World Bank (WB) has helped the DRC to

approve 48 million hectares of forest concessions. Problems with

exploitation have made the GDRC review some of these contracts, with

25 million hectares recuperated. The WB in Kinshasa is preparing

three reform projects: 1) capacity building for forestry agencies,

2) capacity building for ICCN (Congolese Institute for Nature

Conservation) staff, and 3) a multi-donor project to review forestry

policy with the participation of civil society.

¶19. (U) The GDRC has reacted to Greenpeace accusations of illegal

exports against two timber companies operating in the DRC. The

government says that recent shipments to France were legal and

covered by the required procedures and documents.

Governance

———–

¶20. (U) An audit commissioned by Prime Minister Gizenga reports that

USD 2 billion went missing from the DRC treasury during the past 18

months. The commission audited nine public enterprises and the

three main revenue collecting agencies (Customs, Taxes, and

Revenues). Ministries that oversee public enterprises were said to

have misappropriated USD 786,819; illegal advantages totaling USD

1,170,794 were granted to managers, and USD 18,081,738 in losses

were still to be justified. “Unconscionable bargains” reached USD

9,578,420 and interior debt of USD 1,467,826,233 went unpaid. The

customs (OFIDA), tax (DGI) and revenue (DGRAD) agencies were said to

have lost USD 59,980,543, USD 56,600,955 and USD 1,705,015,941 in

income, respectively.

Health

——

¶21. (U) Cases of malnutrition in and around mining cities in Katanga

are increasing due to the reduction of agricultural activities by

the population in formerly agricultural areas. The province now

imports eighty percent of the cereal it consumes, most of this from

South Africa. Governor Katumbi has decreed that all mining

companies will cultivate at least 500 hectares (over 1000 acres).

Infrastructure

————–

¶22. (U) A USD 50 million high-priority World Bank road project

(Pro-Routes) will re-pave sections that are currently impassable.

The roads targeted are Kisangani-Buta-Bondo-Bunduki (620 km, about

450 miles) in Province Orientale, with connections to Equateur

Province; and Uvira – Kasomeno (1,180 km, about 800 miles)

connecting Sud Kivu and Katanga provinces. This project will serve

highly populated areas and connect to a network of about 7,000 km

(almost 5,000 miles) of high-priority roads funded by other donors

including the International Development Association (IDA). The WB

project also includes a comprehensive social and environmental

program.

Labor

—–

¶23. (U) Alan Doss, the new SRSG to the DRC, plans to promote the use

of DRC SMEs for MONUC contracts. Doss committed to initiating

workshops that will help local businesses understand MONUC’s

procurement process.

¶24. (U) The National Labor Council began on March 25, 2008 with

delegates from the Ministry of Labor, private companies, and the

labor unions. Council delegates will review resolutions from the

First National Labor Council; adoption of the Labor Code and jobs

that foreigners are prohibited to hold; and the guaranteed minimum

salary for professionals.

Microfinance

————

¶25. (U) RIFIDEC (Regroupement des Institutions de Micro Finance du

Systhme Dcentralis du Congo), a platform of micro financial

institutions, has set up its 2008 – 2012 work plan. This work plan

targets modernization and outreach. RIFIDEC includes 26

institutions authorized by the Central Bank in eight provinces, and

helps some 120 cooperatives and microfinance institutions to

formalize their operations.

¶26. (U) The National Microfinance Strategy document provides

information on the current situation, the national policy/strategy,

and an action plan for 2008-2012. Approximately 60,000 accounts

exist in 75 microfinance institutions authorized by the Congolese

Central Bank. Private banking products and services in the DRC are

KINSHASA 00000329 005 OF 008

still poor in general, while the need for banking and credit

services are high and increasing.

¶27. (U) A committee will present the Ministry of Plan a proposal for

new laws regulating the collection and organization of statistics.

The draft proposal suggests standardizing the statistical methods

used by various GDRC organizations. Statistics are currently

collected by the National Council of Statistics, the National

Institute of Statistics, and various provincial-level agencies. The

Ministry of Plan hopes to improve the reliability and availability

of statistics in the DRC.

Mining

——

¶28. (U) The Vice Minister of Mines, Victor Kasongo Shomari,

announced in February that all of the DRC mining contracts reviewed

needed to be renegotiated. Kasongo, leading a delegation to the

Indaba mining conference in South Africa, said the review process

turned out to require “multiple major surgeries” rather than the

minor corrections initially envisioned. The GDRC will start

negotiations with the mining companies, who will then have the

opportunity to appeal any decision within 30 days.

¶29. (U) MIBA is looking for USD 50 million in funding to improve

production. The diamond parastatal announced that it will use 90

percent of the funding for new investments and 10 percent for

operations. MIBA is in the process of reducing expenses by 25

percent.

¶30. (U) Forrest Group International has signed an agreement to

retrocede two concessions, Mashamba West and Dikulwe in Katanga

province, to GECAMINES for USD 825 million. The concessions

belonged to Katanga Mining, a 24.5 percent shareholder in Forrest

Group, and will not be exploited before 2020. Chinese companies

will reportedly exploit the mineral reserves in Mashamba West and

Dikulwe in exchange for road construction and other

infrastructure-building projects.

¶31. (U) The Ministry of Mines announced on February 18, 2008 that

the DRC had completed the review of 60 mining contracts and has made

the results available to respective companies. The Commission

recommended cancellation of 16 contracts, including joint ventures

between GECAMINES and Swanepoel/Exaco, MIBA and SENGAMINES, and

OKIMO and Amani Gold. A GDRC panel will determine which

recommendations to accept, and the next step in the process will be

renegotiations with a GDRC Task Force. (Ref Kinshasa 294)

¶32. (U) The Mining Days Conference took place in Kinshasa from March

12 to 14, during which the Ministry of Mines planned to make quick

decisions to implement the mining code. Martin Kabwelulu, the

Minister of Mines, said the objective for the conference was to

evaluate the implementation of the 2002 Mining Code and to introduce

good governance principles through the Extractive Industries

Transparency Initiative (EITI) practices. Delegates from

international organizations, decentralized administrative entities,

organizations of artisanal mining exploiters, tax collection

services, government experts, and Chambers of Commerce participated

in the event.

¶33. (U) Central African Mining & Exploration Company (CAMEC)

completed its joint venture with Prairie International,

majority-owned by the Gertler family, after negotiations with

GECAMINES. CAMEC and Prairie have since restarted operations on

Mukondo Mountain. CAMEC announced that the new deal with GECAMINES

clears the company from further review of its mining licenses.

CAMEC also raised USD 87.27 million (72.5 million new shares at USD

1.21 per share) to develop its Luila copper cobalt facility,

estimating a possible 100,000-ton copper cathode production capacity

per year.

¶34. (U) GECAMINES expelled artisanal miners from its Kamatana

concession, 3 km from Likasi in the Katanga province, on March 6.

Police killed one miner after fighting broke out with artisanal

miners that would not leave. Police also forced artisanal miners

off of an Anvil Mining concession near Kolwezi on March 31, firing

teargas into the air. Artisanal miners burned tires and threw

Molotov cocktails in protest in Kolwezi and nearby Luilu.

Multilateral Cooperation

————————

¶35. (U) In an effort to enhance the level of education in DRC, the

GDRC and UNICEF estimate the need in the education sector at USD 93

million from 2008 to 2012. Part of this projected expenditure will

KINSHASA 00000329 006 OF 008

be taken from the DRC budget while the rest should be raised from

outside sources. This plan targets reforms in education as well as

increasing the number of children in schools.

Nuclear

——-

¶36. (U) A Department of Energy/Department of State delegation met

with the GDRC Office of the Presidency, the Ministry of Higher

Education and Scientific Research, and officials from CREN-K

(Regional Center for Nuclear Studies – Kinshasa) during the week of

March 17. The DOE/DOS team is working toward eventually defueling

the two nuclear reactors located at the University of Kinshasa and

repatriating all U.S.-origin nuclear elements currently in CREN-K

facilities. While DRC government officials were opposed to

defueling one of the reactors, key members of the Ministry and

CREN-K agreed to meet for technical meetings in the near future.

(See Septel)

Petroleum

———

¶37. (U) Senator Lunda Bululu, former PM under Mobutu, says the 2008

budget is unconstitutional. He says that it does not include the

required petroleum revenue sharing among provinces based upon their

population size. (Note: the DRC is only producing about 25K barrels

of oil per day, compared to nearly 200M barrels per day in

neighboring Angola. End note.)

¶38. (U) A geologist from the Ministry of Mines announced that

significant petroleum reserves exist in eastern Ituri, Orientale

Province. The geologist said a South African company, South Africa

Congo Oil (SACOIL), negotiated a contract with the GDRC to share

production from Block 3, located south of Lake Albert in Ituri. The

Ministry of Hydrocarbons also announced Block 1 would be assigned to

SACOIL after Tullow Oil (UK) and its partner, Heritage Oil (Canada),

had relinquished the concession (a claim Tullow Oil denies).

¶39. (U) PERENCO, a French petroleum company specializing in on- and

off-shore oil exploitation in the DRC is planning to invest USD 50

million to double production. Currently, the company produces 25

thousand barrels per day and exports 350 thousand barrels per month.

At the moment PERENCO has a 6 MW hydroelectric dam equipped with

gas compression facilities, a water injection system, electricity

generators, a petroleum storage vessel, and a 300 kilometer pipeline

(210 miles). The GDRC has a 20 percent share in PERENCO.

¶40. (U) Brazilian investors from High Resolution Technical Petroleum

(HRTP) visited the DRC on March 26 and met with Prime Minister

Gizenga. HRTP said that they will launch their first petroleum

drilling at Maindombe Lake, Bandundu next year. Dr. Keith Millheim,

President of Global Drilling (a U.S. company) is a partner with the

Brazilian investors. HRTP is investing USD 100 million of which USD

20 million was used on feasibility studies.

Public Enterprises

——————

¶41. (U) Aiming to increase receipts, the new manager of SONAS (the

National Insurance Company) launched a promotion campaign providing

for a free replacement of car insurance stamps. In a close

partnership with the traffic police the brake – block (Denver Boot)

will be used to immobilize cars that do not have current insurance

stamps.

¶42. (U) Union employees of the DRC National Water Company (REGIDESO)

are protesting against possible World Bank-funded reforms as part of

the public enterprise reform process. Employees feel that improved

efficiency and competitiveness should not translate to layoffs.

¶43. (U) The Pilot Committee for the Reform of State Enterprises

(COPIREP) has confirmed the awarding of the State Rail Company

(SNCC) management contract to Vectoris, a Belgian firm. Management

of SNCC will now be mixed Congolese and Belgian. The Ministry of

Portfolio, which oversees COPIREP, hopes that this move will

contribute to the eventual return of SNCC to profitability.

¶44. (U) Recently-signed management contracts for GDRC river

transport parastatal ONATRA and rail transport parastatal SNCC will

cost a total of USD 8 million. Belgian firm Vectoris and

Spanish/French firm PROGOSA will provide expertise that it is hoped

will turn the unprofitable and under-equipped transportation

parastatals around. ONATRA personnel, meanwhile, are reportedly

more worried about the lack of new equipment (e.g. locomotives and

riverboats). (Comment: While rolling/floating stock for the two

companies is in abysmal condition and short supply, no sane investor

KINSHASA 00000329 007 OF 008

is going to pour millions of dollars into poorly managed companies.

End comment.)

¶45. (U) The newly-installed CEO of the Congolese Office des Routes

used the 37th anniversary of the agency to deplore its lack of

financial resources to cover operational costs and investment. He

also denounced what he saw as the marginalization of his agency by

funding and implementation of projects by outside entities.

Public Finance

————–

¶46. (U) The GDRC is struggling to meet the key macroeconomic targets

required for eventual reestablishment of the formal IMF country

program. The GDRC is hoping to conclude a new program by March in

order to achieve Highly Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) completion

point before the end of 2008. The challenge lies with maintaining

GDRC expenditures within revenues.

¶47. (U) The GDRC’s Technical and Economic Commission presented its

annual report to the Council of Ministers on February 12. According

to the Commission, the poor economic performance during the 4th

quarter of 2007 was due to slow processing in the ports of Matadi

and Boma; backlogs of merchandise at the Kasumbalesa border;

reluctance of economic operators to BIVAC (customs) inspections;

OCC’s refusal to adopt the “guichet unique” (one-stop service for

import/export clearance); and many other border issues. These

problems led to a decreased supply of goods, higher prices in the

interior, and lower DRC customs revenue.

¶48. (U) Budget Minister Adolph Muzito says that the GDRC has begun

retrocession of state revenues to the eleven provinces. This is

happening before actual adoption of the decentralization law by the

National Assembly. Muzito stated that the GDRC would make sure that

this money reaches the commune (the smallest administrative entity)

level. USD 6 million has reportedly been given to Kinshasa province

for the period January/February 2008.

¶49. (U) Tons of foreign-produced cigarettes are reportedly entering

the DRC via Bunia, Province Orientale, in eastern Congo near the

border with Uganda, without paying required customs and duty fees.

Smuggling from Uganda is thought to be the cause.

¶50. (U) Speaker of the National Assembly Vital Kamerhe urged GDRC

officials to allocate required budget support to provinces in

anticipation of a vote on the so-called equalization law, as part of

the overall decentralization process. This would allow provincial

governments to address their emergency needs.

¶51. (U) According to the BCC, annual state revenues reached FC 162

billion (USD 324 million) and expenditures FC 161 billion (USD 322

million) through March 10, for a net positive balance of about USD 2

million.

¶52. (U) DRC foreign exchange reserves decreased by USD 4.38 million,

down to a total of USD 170 million, which represents one week of

imports. (Note: BCC Governor Masangu told Ambassador Garvelink on

March 26 that this low level of reserves was “not a problem” because

of the ease with which dollars can be obtained from the many in DRC

circulation. End note.)

Telecom

——-

¶53. (U) In an agreement signed by the Republic of South Korea and

DRC, South Korea will connect GDRC institutions via intranet

starting with the ministries of Foreign Affairs, Justice, Plan,

Budget, Finance, PTT, and Public Works.

Transportation

————–

¶54. (U) Public transportation in Kinshasa has become even more

difficult over recent months. The number of buses in circulation is

considered insufficient, and people now rely more on taxis. Because

the taxis are shortening their travel distances to maximize profits,

the waiting-time for transportation is often more than an hour.

¶55. (U) The Kinshasa Urban Transport Company (STUC, an apt acronym),

has launched a program to increase the number of buses in

circulation. STUC’s CEO announced that at least 50 buses will be

put back into circulation due to a significant acquisition of spare

parts. STUC also held an awards ceremony to congratulate Congolese

mechanics that were trained by Tata Motors (the Indian supplier of

most buses in the DRC).

KINSHASA 00000329 008 OF 008

¶56. (U) At a meeting in Matadi, the GDRC decided that at the end of

the month they will auction containers that are piling up at

ONATRA’s port. This should ease congestion and allow normal

operations to resume.

Monthly Inflation and Exchange Rates

————————————

¶57. (U) The monthly inflation rate for March was 5.6 percent. The

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